What is  Covid -19?





Covid-19 Pandemic is also known as Corona Virus Disease pandemic 2019. In December 2019,China reported the first cases of the Coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19).

   The disease caused by the Severe Acute Syndrome -Related Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has developed into a Pandemic. 

                   The Covid -19 pandemic is the gravest health and Socio-economic crisis of our time. To the date, more than 26.4 million cases of Covid -19 reported in more than 188 countries and areas, which resulting more than 871,000 Deaths, more than 17.5 million people have recovered. 
      Covid -19 affects the people's daily lifestyle. This  pandemic is the world's gravest public health crisis of the 21st century and it will be practically impossible to eradicate the SARS-CoV-2 without vaccination. 

 

  What is Known About the origin of SARS-CoV-2 ?

  




SARS-CoV-2 means Acute Respiratory Syndrome -Related Coronavirus 2 which has developed into a pandemic. The Corona virus family has caused Zoonotic diseases such the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) .

                 While a direct ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, it is closely related to B Corona Viruses  in bats and pangolins , which are likely its original reservoir. SARS-CoV-2 could have risen by selection in the animal host followed by Zoonotic transfer and acquisition for further mutations in humans.
    It's possible that, during undetected human to human transmission, the virus mutated, optimizing the binding of its spike protein to human Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme 2(ACE2)
Importantly, available SARS-CoV-2 genetic data don't evince an international human manipulation of the virus. 



        Why does SARS -CoV - appear to spread more rapidly than SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV in the human population? 






Compared to the two other highly pathogenic Corona viruses that have emerged in the 21st century, SARS-CoV-2 appears to spread very well in the human population. Why this is the case will be interesting to understand. 
         SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 appear to use the same cell receptor of ACE2 ,suggesting a similar tropism, yet the novel corona virus appears to spread much more efficiently simply based on the number of cases and the speed at which they have emerged , proteolytic cleavage sites, such as a furin site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 , influence this will be important to determine for this outbreak and for the next. 

          There are many others corona virus that have been found in bats that have potential for spread in the human  population. 


     Can a vaccination strategy developed?




An effective strategy to contain virus spread is vaccination.During the SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV have curtailed the testing of these interventions in humans. 
         With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a new impetus into development. There are several platforms being used to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, including spike subunit, DNA, RNA, whole-virion and nanoparticle vaccines. Future testing in cells and animals models will determine which is most likely to be successful in humans.




 What are the symptoms of Covid-19 ?





1. Fever or chills. 
2. Cough  
3. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. 
4. Fatigue. 
5. Muscle or body aches. 
6. Headache. 
7. New loss of taste or smell.
8. Sore throat. 
9. Congestion or runny nose. 
10. Nausea or vomiting. 
11. Diarrhea. 


Note : This list doesn't include all possible symptoms.  


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